A method for transmitting data is disclosed having the following steps: emitting packets of at least two types: pure data (long packets) and acknowledgments of receipt (acknowledgment) (short packets). Each packet is formed of three components: a—an acquisition preamble, (1) for presence detection and the joint determination of the initial values of the time shift and of the frequency shift, and b—the data proper, (2) and c—a set of unmodulated fixed carriers (3) making it possible to permanently estimate the frequency shift.