Systems and methods for monitoring a sample or a sample flow associated with a process or an environment are disclosed. The systems and methods are used detect one or more chemical or biological agents present in a sample or detect changes in the chemical/biological composition of a sample flow. The systems and methods transmit light at the sample, perform spectral analysis of the resulting spectral response, and display a result or choose a course of action. The analysis compares the sample's response to known spectrums to determine composition or to determine if the composition of the sample has deviated from “normal”. In one embodiment, the systems and methods uses deep ultraviolet light to produce both a Raman and a fluorescence response, separated in frequency, which are simultaneously discerned and analyzed. In this embodiment the analysis is used to determine sample composition or to discern or warn of changes, or to choose a course of action.