The present invention relates a recording apparatus and a recording method, a reproducing apparatus and a reproducing method, and a program that make it possible to easily judge whether data was recorded in a recording medium by an apparatus of own model. An own model/another model information generating unit 41 generates, for each arbitrary recording unit, own model/another model information that is information indicating that the recording unit was recorded by an apparatus of own model. A discrimination code calculating unit 42 sets VMGI and an effective management table TV as a continuous data sequence and sets a result of calculating a hash value of the data sequence as a discrimination code. A recording and reproducing apparatus 1 records the discrimination code and the own model/another model information in a management table TV area of an optical disk 51. When a discrimination code′ obtained by calculating the hash value and a discrimination code recorded in the optical disk 51 coincide with each other, the recording and reproducing apparatus 1 reads out the own model/another model information. It is possible to apply the invention to a recording and reproducing apparatus.