A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting element in which a first electrode layer, a functional layer having at least a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode layer are laminated. At least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer has a light-transmissive electrode layer. A refractive material layer is provided at a side of the light-transmissive electrode layer not facing the functional layer. At a side of the refractive material layer not facing the light-transmissive electrode layer, a substrate formed with irregularities on a surface thereof abutting the refractive material layer is provided.