A precise and comparatively simple method for generating a three-dimensional image data record of a moving object using X-ray tomography and a device that is particularly suitable for implementing the method with an X-ray emitter/detector unit supported such that it can be rotated and with an evaluation unit are specified. According to the invention a number of two-dimensional raw images are grouped according to a cyclical relative time, at least two preliminary 3D image data records respectively are generated from raw images that correspond to one another according to this grouping, at least one movement matrix is derived by comparing two preliminary 3D image data records used as the source data record and the target data record respectively, a 3D image data record with compensation for movement corresponding to a reference time of the source data record is generated by applying the or each movement matrix to the associated target data record and the or each 3D image data record with compensation for movement is added to at least one further 3D image data record with compensation for movement or to another preliminary 3D-image data record corresponding to the same reference time.