Disclosed herein are a system and method for setting up a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication group in a cellular system, and a P2P communication system and method using the P2P communication group. The system for setting up a P2P communication group for a terminal in a cellular system including a base station and the terminals includes a location detection unit, a location information transmission unit, a control information reception unit, and a final group setup unit. The location detection unit detects the location of a terminal. The location information transmission unit sends information about the location, detected by the location detection unit, to the base station. The control information reception unit receives information about a preliminary P2P communication group set up by the base station based on the location information. The final group setup unit sets up a final P2P communication group based on the preliminary P2P communication group.