An arrangement and method are provided for determining the distance between an objective of a microscope and a sample examined with the microscope. Fitted on the objective or in the immediate vicinity of the objective is a capacitive sensor in whose measuring range the sample and/or a microscope slide supporting the sample is located or into which it can be brought. The sample and/or the slide causing a measurable change in the capacitance of the sensor. From the change in the capacitance of the sensor, the distance of the sample and/or of the microscope slide from the sensor is determined, and thus the distance of the sample from the objective. A capacitive distance sensor can be applied in such an arrangement by which a stray field can be generated between at least two electrodes. The capacitance experiences a measurable change owing to an object introduced into the stray field. The electrodes of the sensor are arranged as substantially coaxial lateral surfaces. The electrodes are designed such that the sensor can be plugged onto the objective of the microscope, the lateral surfaces at least partially enclosing and touching the objective.