A method of verifying a digital signature of a first party that was generated using an elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) includes the steps of receiving a public key from the first party; receiving a digital signature from the first party, the digital signature being for an electronic message; identifying domain parameters of an elliptic curve used in elliptic curve cryptography, including identifying a generating point of the elliptic curve; transforming the identified generating point into a second generating point as a deterministic function of shared knowledge known to and between the first party and a second party; and verifying the received digital signature as a deterministic function of the received public key, the electronic message, and the identified domain parameters, in which the second generating point is substituted for the identified generating point.