A safety system in which each functional device (such as a payload suspended from a pylon of a combat aircraft or an escape chute of a civil aircraft) includes at least one removable barrier making it possible to arm and disarm the functional device depending on whether the aircraft is in flight or on the ground. The removable barrier is electrically operated and the system also includes a control mechanism placed inside the aircraft in order to electrically switch the barrier between its armed and disarmed positions.