The disclosure relates generally to digital watermarking. One claim recites a method of conveying auxiliary binary data through digital watermarking. The method includes: using an electronic processor, providing a first digital watermark signal comprising a first orientation component associated with signal properties of the first digital watermark signal; using an electronic processor, providing a second digital watermark signal comprising a second orientation component associated with signal properties of the second digital watermark signal; and conveying the auxiliary binary data through a relative orientation relationship of the first orientation component and the second digital watermark component. Of course, other claims and combinations are provided as well.