A flexible actuator comprises a thin film and at least one first enclosure with at least one first bendable element coupled to the first enclosure. The thin film may comprise a conductive layer and a first electret layer over a first surface of the conductive layer. The thin film is configured to be bendable. The first enclosure have a first electrode layer as part of the first enclosure. The first enclosure is provided over the first electret layer with the first electrode layer being spaced apart from the first electret layer. The first electrode layer is coupled with a first terminal of an audio signal input. The thin film is configured to interact with the first enclosure in response to audio signals supplied by the audio signal input and to generate sound waves.