The invention thus provides crude oils and products which have been produced therefrom and comprise distillation residues, comprising at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin having a repeat structural unit of the formula where R1 is a branched alkyl or alkenyl radical which has from 10 to 40 carbon atoms and bears at least one carboxyl, carboxylate and/or ester group, R2 is hydrogen or R1 R3 is hydrogen or an alkoxy group of the formula -(A-O)m—H, A is a C2- to C4-alkylene group, m is from 1 to 100, R4 is hydrogen, a C1- to C11-alkyl radical or a carboxyl group, R5 is C1-C200-alkyl or -alkenyl, O—R6 or O—C(O)—R6, R6 is C1-C200-alkyl or -alkenyl, n is from 1 to 100 and k is 1 or 2, the use of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin for splitting emulsions of water and crude oils or products derived therefrom, the use of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin for improving the cold flowability of crude oils and products derived therefrom, and the use of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin as an asphaltene dispersant in crude oils and products derived therefrom.