The invention performs electronic image formation and refinement from overlapping measurement vignettes captured by an array of image sensors and associated micro-optics. The invention is directed to an alternate image formation system that combines readily-fabricated micro-optical structures, a two-dimensional image sensor array with electronic or digital image processing to actually construct the image. Image formation is performed without a conventional large shared lens and associated separation distance between lens and image sensor, resulting in a “lensless camera.” In an embodiment, a readily fabricatable LED array is used as a light-field sensor. In an embodiment, the LED array further serves as a color “lensless camera.” In an embodiment, the LED array also serves as an image display. In an embodiment, the LED array further serves as a color image display. In an embodiment, one or more synergistic features of an integrated camera/display surface are realized.