An engine speed control system for a work vehicle comprises a pedal sensor (32) for detecting an operative position of an accelerator pedal (31); a foot accelerator controller for carrying out foot accelerator control in which the engine speed that corresponds to an output of the pedal sensor (32) is used as a target rotational speed; and upper limit setting device (35) for setting the upper limit of the engine speed. The upper limit rotation control in which the upper limit rotational speed is used as the target rotational speed is carried out when the target engine speed is greater than the upper limit rotational speed set by the upper limit setting device (35).