A hologram recording and reconstruction apparatus records and reconstructs a hologram in a recording layer of a holographic recording medium using a signal light beam and a reference light beam. The apparatus includes an objective lens, a spatial light modulator on which a reference light beam pattern for generating a reference light beam is displayed, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the holographic recording medium, and a control unit for controlling the spatial light modulator to reduce a reference light beam pattern so that the reference light beam passes through the more inner portion of the objective lens or enlarge the reference light beam pattern so that the reference light beam passes through the more outer portion of the objective lens in accordance with the temperature.