A system including a processor and/or processor system can be used to create a plan for a procedure, such as a surgical procedure. The plan for the surgical procedure can be based on various elements, including determined anatomical landmarks that can be used to determine anatomical targets of a patient. The planning processor can be used to determine the anatomical landmarks and identify anatomical targets in image data of a subject, even if the anatomical targets are indistinguishable in the image data.