Disclosed herein is a transmission/reception channel matching apparatus and method for a mobile communication terminal and a mobile phone test equipment. The apparatus includes mobile communication terminal-side terminals, transmission and reception terminals, a connection detection unit, a switching unit, and a control unit. The mobile communication terminal-side terminals are connected to the option pins of a serial communication port in a one-to-one correspondence. The transmission and reception terminals correspond to the transmission and reception channels of the mobile phone test equipment. The connection detection unit detects the state of connection between the mobile communication terminal-side terminals and the option pins. The switching unit connects the mobile communication terminal-side terminals to the transmission and reception terminals. The control unit automatically sets the transmission and reception channels of the mobile communication terminal and the transmission and reception channels of the mobile phone test equipment with reference to the state of the connection, and outputs the channel matching command.