A rolling bearing is provided that includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements provided between a raceway surface of the inner ring and that of the outer ring and has a ceramic film formed on at least one surface selected from among an inner peripheral surface of the inner ring and a peripheral surface of the outer ring. The ceramic film is formed by using an aerosol deposition method in which alumina fine particles or the like is used as a material of aerosol. The ceramic film is formed with an aerosol injection nozzle kept stationary and the inner ring or the outer ring being rotated by using a motor for rotating an object, the inner ring or the outer ring is moved axially by using a positioning XY table.