It is an object of the present invention to provide a measurement system that measures physical quantity distribution over the entire region using a sensor for physical quantity distribution (PQD sensor) that realizes high stretchability, flexibility, etc., in at least a partial region, in order to measure the physical quantity distribution that is regionally distributed in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional manner, as well as a method for measuring physical quantity distribution. Such measurement system comprises: a body for converting physical quantity distribution (PQDc body) structured in such a way that the condition of injection current changes according to the action of the target physical quantity; multiple electrodes arranged in such a way that they can supply injection current to the PQDc body and measure data of the electric potential distribution generated by the PQDc body as a result; a PQD sensor comprising the PQDc body, electrodes, and an electric signal processing unit that processes electrode signals; and a processing part that processes data with the PQD sensor; wherein the measurement method comprises a data acquisition procedure to cause electrodes to generate injection current and measure the electric potential distribution that generates in the PQDc body, which is used as measured data, and an estimation procedure to read the measured data and use the read data to obtain the distribution of the target physical quantity that acts upon the PQDc body.