An optical pickup of a holographic data recording/reproducing apparatus that emits light to a reflective holographic data storage medium in which a substrate, a reflection layer, a recording layer, and a cover layer are sequentially stacked, and receives the emitted light, the optical pickup including: a first light source unit to emit, during a recording operation, a signal beam having a first polarization and a reference beam having a second polarization perpendicular to the first polarization along the same optical path; and a main lens unit having a refractivity that varies according to a polarization of a passing light, so as to cause the signal beam to be reflected from the reflection layer then focused on a focal point, and to cause the reference beam to pass through the cover layer then be directly focused on the focal point.