A luminescent or charge-transporting polymer which has in the backbone optionally substituted fluorenediyl groups as repeating units and further has a functional side chain comprising at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hole-injection/transporting group containing one or more heteroatoms other than nitrogen or two or more nitrogen atoms, an electron-injection/transporting group containing one or more heteroatoms other than nitrogen or two or more nitrogen atoms, and a luminescent group comprising a fused aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocycle, characterized in that the functional group is directly bonded to the saturated carbon atom of any of the fluorenediyl groups or is bonded to any of the fluorenediyl groups through —Rk—X—(Rk represents alkylene and X represents a direct bond or connecting group) at the X.