An object is to uniformly align liquid crystal molecules without requiring a step of forming an alignment film. A material for forming a self-assembled monolayer is dispersed in a liquid crystal material, and the mixture is interposed between a pair of substrates by a liquid crystal injection method or a liquid crystal dropping method. A silane coupling agent (the material for forming a self-assembled monolayer) injected or dropped with the liquid crystal material adsorbs to a substrate interface (or a surface of an electrode formed over a substrate) after the injection or dropping, thereby forming a self-assembled monolayer. This self-assembled monolayer serves as an alignment film, and enables long axes of liquid crystal molecules to be approximately perpendicular to a substrate and the liquid crystal molecules to be uniformly aligned.