An instrument parameter setting device and an instrument parameter setting method are provided. The instrument parameter setting device has a parameter-setting card combined with a biological detection instrument. The parameter-setting card includes a strip area and a first set of block areas. Each block area in the first set of block areas is connected to the strip area respectively. The instrument detects data represented by a logical change of the block areas, so as to set parameters. In addition, it is convenient to input the data into the instrument through an external setting of the instrument. Accordingly, the characteristic parameters of a detection specimen are conveniently input into the instrument, thereby increasing the yield of specimen production, establishing a self-owned technology, and reducing the cost.