A multi-rod structure for opening and closing molds is provided and includes a single cam, a first side connection rod assembly located on a first side of the cam and having a first side triple connection rod, a first mold actuated by the first side triple connection rod, a linkage connection rod, a second side connection rod assembly located on a second side of the cam and having a second side triple connection rod actuated by the linkage connection rod, and a second mold actuated by the second side triple connection rod. The multi-rod structure only uses the single cam to simultaneously actuate the first and second molds, so that the structure can be simplified, while the vibration, loading, noise and abrasion of components during operation can be relatively reduced.