A pattern measurement apparatus and a pattern measurement method are capable of easily distinguishing a line pattern and a space pattern from one another, without being affected by the luminance of the pattern. The pattern measurement apparatus includes: irradiation unit for irradiating a sample with an electron beam; first electron detector and second electron detector arranged with an optical axis of the electron beam in between; image processor for generating image data of the pattern; line profile generator for generating a line profile of the pattern; and controller for causing the image processor to generate the image data of the pattern on the basis of an amount of electrons corresponding to the difference between a signal detected by the first electron detector and a signal detected by the second electron detector.