A technique for recording data onto a hologram recording medium using spatial light phase modulation corresponding to the recording data, and a technique for reproducing recorded data by properly reading information on phases recorded on a hologram recording medium. A signal beam having a phase modulation pattern corresponding to recording data and a reference beam having a specific phase modulation pattern are applied to the recording medium. Thus, recording data can be recorded onto the hologram recording medium using phase information. In addition, at the time of reproduction, a reference beam and a direct current (DC) beam, whose phase difference with respect to the reference beam is π/2, are applied to the hologram recording medium. By reading the reproduction beam to which the DC beam is added, recorded information on phases can be correctly read, and recorded data can be reproduced in accordance with the phase information.