A method for modulating a radiation beam toward a target, including rotating a radiation beam gantry through an arc segment while irradiating a target with a radiation beam, placing a physical wedge in a beam path of the radiation beam to modify at least one of a beam aperture and a beam intensity of the radiation beam while rotating through the arc segment, and modifying at least one of a wedge angle and a wedge orientation of the physical wedge during a temporal increment associated with the arc segment.