An adaptive optical apparatus includes a wavelength separation unit configured to separate a beam emitted from a light source into a plurality of wavelength band beams, a plurality of light modulation units configured to modulate the respective plurality of wavelength band beams, a wavelength combining unit configured to combine the beams modulated by the plurality of light modulation units into a beam, and an illumination unit configured to illuminate a measured object with the beam output from the wavelength combining unit.