A structure includes a substrate, a first layer formed on the substrate, and a second layer formed on the first layer. The first layer is comprised of self-assembled monolayer and contains 4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)-4′-methoxybiphenyl. The second layer is obtained by micro-phase separation of a block copolymer containing a hydrophilic polymer comprised of polyethylene oxide and a hydrophobic polymer comprised of polymethacrylic acid containing azobenzene at the side chain. The second layer contains a cylinder phase with its long axis being oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The thickness T of the second layer is within a range of A≦T≦50 nm, where A is a phase separation period length satisfying 5 nm≦A≦50 nm.