A rotary toolbox includes a box body defining a first opening and a second opening, a hollow shaft mounted in the box body in communication with the first opening and having a third opening on the periphery, a locking member having a first protruding rod inserted through the third opening, a compression spring stopped against the locking member, a tool tray having a through hole pivotally coupled to the hollow shaft and a first locating groove disposed in the through hole and providing a carrier portion, a spiral spring connected between the box body and the tool tray. After pressing the locking member to move the first protruding rod out of the locating groove, the spiral spring will bias the tool tray to carry the carrier portion to the second opening for allowing the user to store tool parts or to pick up storage tool parts.