The invention relates to a polyimide microparticles which can be obtained by means of the following steps: a) a polymer solution consisting of at least one polyimide polymer and a solvent or a solvent mixture is produced according to methods known per se, b) microparticles are formed from the polymer solution by spraying or by thermal phase inversion, c) the microparticles obtained in step b) are treated with an aqueous functionalization solution containing an amine-containing modifier at a high temperature, with or without stirring, and d) the modified obtained are washed and optionally dried, according to methods known per se.