Location estimation systems, methods, and non-transitory computer program products. The system includes: storage means provided in the computer, means for storing the vector datasets in the storage means of the computer, means for calculating the similarity between the vector dataset without any location label and each neighboring vector dataset with a location label, by using any one of a q-norm where 0≦q≦1 and an exponential attenuation function, and means for estimating the location label of the vector data without any location label from the calculated similarities.