Disclosed are absolute measuring systems comprising measuring rods that are composed of groups of at least two magnetic segments. The magnetic segments of at least one group have the same length in the direction of measurement while the magnetic segments of the different groups have different lengths. For arrangements encompassing more than two sensors on the single-track measuring rods, multistage phase difference processes are disclosed which result in high resolutions and accurate measurements while allowing for great measured lengths and, when anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors are used, for example, an unambiguous angle measurement range of 360°. FIG. 6a best represents the essence of the invention.