A vehicle seat reclining device comprises an internal gear formed on a gear plate secured to a lower arm, an external gear formed on an upper arm to be meshed with the internal gear and being fewer by at least one tooth than the internal gear, wedge members frictionally engageable with, and disengageable therefrom, the gear plate or the upper arm, a spring arranged between the wedge members and urging the wedge members in a direction for friction engagement with either the gear plate or the upper arm, a drive shaft for pushing and rotating either one of the wedge members in a direction to release the friction engagement, and a ring member arranged between either one of the gear plate and the upper arm and the wedge members for rotating together with the wedge members relative to the other of the gear plate and the upper arm during rotation of the drive shaft.