Provided are a navigation system and a method of recognizing a traffic lane using the same. The navigation system includes an electronic map in which information about roads and spatial data of topographical features around roads are stored, a satellite navigational device that calculates a position and a transverse point of a vehicle on the road using satellite navigation information and the road information, a radio communication unit that receives information about positions of the navigational satellites from a base station, and a lane recognition unit that calculates the number of lane-specific visible satellites and the number of real visible satellites on the basis of information about a lane position of the electronic map, spatial data of the topographical feature located at the transverse point, and the position information of the navigational satellites, and that compares the number of lane-specific visible satellites with the number of real visible satellites to recognize a lane along which the vehicle is traveling. Thus, there are no restrictions in the aspects of installation and maintenance, and accurate lane recognition is possible without an influence on the weather conditions around the road.