Methods and apparatuses for efficiently using radio resources in a wireless communication system based on a relay station are provided. An operating method of a relay station (RS) for efficiently using radio resources in a wireless communication system based on the RS. The method includes setting a call with a sending terminal; checking whether a receiving terminal of the sending terminal travels in the same RS cell, in a different RS cell of the same base station (BS) cell, or in a different cell of a neighbor BS; and checking a destination address of a data and relaying the data to the receiving terminal according to a result of the checking.