A combination headlamp and flashlight assembly includes a headlamp base; a headlamp head including a light source; a battery case, and a battery. The combination headlamp and flashlight assembly is changeable between a headlamp configuration and a handheld flashlight configuration. In the headlamp configuration, the headlamp head is mechanically and electrically coupled to the headlamp base to form a headlamp, the battery case carries the battery, and the battery case is electrically coupled to the headlamp base for powering the light source with the battery to provide illumination. In the handheld flashlight configuration, the headlamp head is mechanically and electrically coupled to the battery to form a handheld flashlight where the battery forms a handle and body of the handheld flashlight and powers the light source to provide illumination.