A system and method for optimizing learning and retention of items learned over time maps bodies of knowledge to physical metaphors in an education computer game or simulation. Entire structured curricula or curriculum frameworks are mapped to isomorphic physical metaphor hierarchies. Recommended sequences through subject matter are mapped to sequences in the physical metaphor of the game or simulation. Various algorithms for computing the well-known Ebbinghaus “spacing effect” for reviewing items that are about to be forgotten by a student to optimize his or her retention of subject matter are mapped to physical metaphors in the game or simulation. The use of a “predator-prey” computer algorithm to find students' subject matter knowledge weak points is mapped to a physical metaphor in the game or simulation. Similarly, devices to enhance the student's learning curve, such as to induce perseverance, or raise motivation via competition, or via praise from an authority figure, are mapped to physical metaphors in the game or simulation.