This protection for an endoscope includes a sheath with a rigid cylindrical tubular part (8), and an associated flexible sleeve. The rigid cylindrical tubular part (8) is made of a material permitting transport of light. The rigid cylindrical tubular part (8) is treated in such a way as to guide the light from a light source at its proximal end (10) to its distal end (12). The distal end (12) of the cylindrical tubular part (8) has elements (14, 16) for diffusing and/or orienting the light guided via the cylindrical tubular part (8). The endoscope is designed to use a protection in order to illuminate the cavity to be examined in the patient's body.