Methods and apparatuses for designing at least one integrated circuit (IC). In one embodiment, the method comprises partitioning a circuit into portions that represent a partitioning solution and assigning traces to interconnect the portions to generate a trace assignment solution. The method further comprises optimizing the circuit through a modification of at least one of the partitioning solution and the trace assignment solution, the optimizing based on evaluating a design parameter which is based at least in part on the trace assignment solution.