A method, apparatus, and computer program product for controlling the behavior of complex rhythmic systems, such as the nervous system, is disclosed. Robust, engineering based measurements of the rhythmic system are taken and used to generate feedback that guides the system towards a desired state. This methodically designed feedback allows the system to maintain the normal behavior of individual elements, thereby achieving high effectiveness, while at the same time minimizing side effects. It therefore becomes possible to move the system towards the desired state in a non-destructive manner. This approach also allows for increased flexibility and applicability because the feedback is generated in a manner that is tailored to the unique variables of the particular system.