Disclosed herein is a system and method for drawing a stream and road centerline for GIS-based linear map production, which performs a series of processes of automatically detecting accurate positions of points of a centerline using contour line data of a stream map or a road map having a digital map form, which is extracted from a digital map produced through remote sensing or construction of national geographic information systems, and connecting the detected points of the centerline so as to update stream and road centerline data generated by an inaccurate method and algorithm and to enable an accurate centerline to be used in various application fields.