A method is disclosed of identifying or fixing the value of the parameters (aerodynamic data) of a pre-determined set of equations forming the aerodynamic models of an aircraft in various configurations, so as to minimize the variance between the values anticipated by using these aerodynamic data, and reference data in cases of known configurations, includes the use of learning or optimization methods to determine at least one portion of the parameters' values. The method includes storing database data, choosing an optimization method or a neural network method, breaking the identification down into several partial identifications, carrying out successive partial identifications, validating the values found for the aerodynamic model's parameters or iterating the method according to a threshold criterion determined on the value of variances between the reference data and the values measured by the identified model.