Disclosed herein are a DNA aptamer specifically binding to pLDH (Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase), a composition for the diagnosis of malaria, comprising the same, and a diagnostic kit for malaria using the same. Superior in specificity and stability to antibodies which are conventionally used to diagnose malaria, the DNA aptamers specifically binding to pLDH (Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase) in accordance with the present invention can be developed into biosensors which determine pLDH levels with high sensitivity and accuracy, greatly contributing to the diagnostic accuracy of malaria.