A method comprises: receiving or generating bi-content including source content in a source language or format and corresponding target content in a target language or format, wherein the target language or format is different from the source language or format; generating a source weighted finite state automaton representing the source content of the bi-content; generating a target weighted finite state automaton representing the target content of the bi-content; and computing a bilateral intersection between (i) the source weighted finite state automaton, (ii) a synchronous weighted context-free grammar comprising synchronized grammars for the source language or format and the target language or format, and (iii) the target weighted finite state automaton to generate an enriched synchronous weighted context free grammar.