Provided are an overcurrent protection device and an overcurrent protection system which can provide time differences among the timings for executing the retry operations among a plurality of overcurrent protection devices connected to a common power supply. When a battery voltage (VBA) becomes a value equal to or lower than a threshold voltage after an FET (Q1) of an IC circuit (51-1) is turned on, all FETs (Q1) of the respective IC circuits are turned off, and a time until the battery voltage (VBA) reduces to a value lower than a threshold voltage after the turning-on of the FET (Q1) is clocked. When the time is smaller than 400 μsec, the count value N is incremented. Further, turning-on of the FETs (Q1) is repeated after the lapse of the standby time (Tp) set randomly. When the count value N reaches 7, the FET (Q1) of the IC circuit 51-1 is held in the turned-off state. Accordingly, only the load-driving circuit at which the dead short occurs can be stopped and the driving of the other load-driving circuits can be continued.