A manufacturing method of a photonic band gap fiber which includes measuring a hole diameter d0 and a distance-between-holes Λ0 in a preliminary experiment capillary body by first drawing a preliminary experiment preform, calculating a confinement loss to a normalized wavelength λ/Λ being a wavelength λ normalized by an optional distance-between-holes Λ using a ratio d0/Λ0 and the optional distance-between-holes Λ as design parameters, setting a distance-between-holes by calculating the set distance-between-holes Λ1 to a desired transmission wavelength λ1 of a photonic band gap fiber to be manufactured using a value of the normalized wavelength λ/Λ in which the confinement loss becomes about a minimum value, and second drawing a preform for a photonic band gap fiber by using the same members as those of the preliminary experiment preform and by setting a distance-between-holes to the set distance-between-holes Λ1, in a drawing temperature condition used for the first drawing.