An air pollution monitoring method and system is disclosed. The air pollution monitoring method of the present invention may include receiving result information corresponding to a mission of an aircraft from the aircraft, generating air pollution index values, their distribution, and three-dimensional geographic spatial information about a corresponding ground area using the result information corresponding to the mission of the aircraft and visualizing the generated data, generating a mission command of the aircraft using the result information corresponding to the mission of the aircraft, and displaying the generated three-dimensional geographic spatial information and transmitting the generated mission command to the aircraft.