The present invention is directed towards a composition comprising, in an aqueous medium: (a) at least one anti-dandruff agent; (b) at least one viscosity modifying agent; (c) at least acrylic-based polymeric compound different from the viscosity modifying agent; (d) at least two surfactants chosen from amphoteric surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants; and (e) optionally, at least one conditioning agent. The present invention also relates to a process for the care of hair and/or scalp.