An optical entire-circumference encoder includes a plurality of rotation slits provided to transmit light at an equal pitch radially around a rotation axis as a center in a rotation track. A plurality of fixed slits is provided to transmit light at an equal pitch in a plurality of regions radially around the rotation axis as the center in a fixed track. A plurality of light receivers is disposed in a vicinity of the rotation axis to receive a light guided by the light guide in the regions respectively. The fixed slits in one of the regions and the fixed slits in another region adjacent to the one of the regions among the regions in the fixed track are formed so that a phase difference by which a rotation direction of the rotor is determined occurs between light reception signals of the plurality of light receivers.